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The Battle of Bloody Creek was fought on 10/21 June 1711〔French records, using the modern Gregorian calendar, indicate the date of this action as 21 June; English records, which were still using the Julian calendar, list it as happening on 10 June. In this article both dates are used; the Julian dates are 11 days before the Gregorian dates.〕 during Queen Anne's War. An Abenaki militia successfully ambushed British and New England soldiers at a place that became known as Bloody Creek after the battles fought there. The creek empties into the Annapolis River at present day Carleton Corner, Nova Scotia, and was also the location of a battle in 1757. The battle was part of an orchestrated attempt by the leaders of New France to weaken the British hold on Annapolis Royal. The British had only captured the fort the previous year and they only had a very tenuous control of the area. The battle, in which the entire British force was captured or killed, emboldened the French and their native allies to blockade Annapolis Royal. Without heavy weapons, the force was unable to effectively attack the fort, and abandoned the siege when British reinforcements arrived by sea. ==Background== Port Royal, the capital of the French colony of Acadia, was settled in 1604, one year after Acadia's founding, and served as the colonial capital for much of the next hundred years. It consequently became a focal point for conflict between the English colonists of New England and the Acadian inhabitants. It was destroyed in 1613 by English raiders led by Samuel Argall, but eventually rebuilt.〔MacVicar, pp. 13–29〕 In 1690 it was captured by forces from the Province of Massachusetts Bay, although it was restored to France on 20 September 1697 by the Treaty of Ryswick.〔MacVicar, pp. 41–44〕 In the 1710 Siege of Port Royal an expedition of New England militia and British marines under Francis Nicholson again captured Port Royal. The town was renamed Annapolis Royal, with Samuel Vetch as the British Governor of Nova Scotia, and the fort was renamed Fort Anne. This expedition left a garrison numbering about 450 men, that was composed of a combination of British marines and New England provincial militia.〔MacVicar, p. 65〕 The garrison was reinforced with regular troops in the following months, however the British only had effective control of the fort and the nearby town.〔Faragher, pp. 119–122〕 The terms of capitulation had included a provision in which the French residents within of the fort were to be protected, provided they took an appropriate oath to the British crown. A total of 481 Acadians were covered by this provision,〔Drake, p. 261〕 but by mid-January 1711 only 57 had actually taken an oath.〔Griffiths, p. 244〕 When word of Port Royal's fall reached France, the marine minister Pontchartrain ordered Antoine Gaulin, the French Catholic missionary priest to the loosely allied Indian tribes of present-day Maine and New Brunswick, to harass the British at Annapolis Royal so that they could not establish a firm foothold in the territory. Bernard-Anselme d'Abbadie de Saint-Castin, the métis Acadian (French father and a Penobscot mother), was given military command of Acadia, and received similar orders. 〔(Colonial Documents on the settlement of New York Vol. 9, p. 584 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Battle of Bloody Creek (1711)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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